Faltering global economic growth combined with ample oil supply is expected to push global commodity prices to their lowest level of the 2020s, according to the World Bank’s latest Commodity Markets Outlook. Food prices are projected to decline by 7% in 2025 and a further 1% in 2026. While this drop may ease near-term inflationary pressures stemming from rising trade barriers, it could also hinder economic progress in about two-thirds of developing economies.

Global commodity prices are expected to tumble 12% in 2025, and an additional 5% in 2026, falling to levels not seen since 2020. In nominal terms, prices would still be higher than they were before the start of the pandemic. Adjusted for inflation, however, they are likely to fall for the first time below the average that prevailed from 2015 through 2019. That would mark the end of a boom fueled by the global economy’s rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

The weakening growth outlook represents the latest shock to hit the global economy in what is proving to be an extraordinarily tumultuous decade for commodity markets. Commodity-price volatility has been higher than in any previous decade since at least the 1970s. It remains to be seen whether this marks the beginning of a more turbulent era for commodity markets. But the confluence of trade tensions, conflicts, geopolitical risks, and frequent weather-related shocks makes it more likely.

“Higher commodity prices have been a boon for many developing economies, two-thirds of which are commodity exporters,” said Indermit Gill, the World Bank Group’s Chief Economist and Senior Vice President for Development Economics. “But we’re now seeing the highest price volatility in more than 50 years. The combination of high price volatility and low prices spells trouble. Developing economies will need to take three steps to protect themselves: first, restore fiscal discipline; second, create a more business-friendly environment to attract private capital; third, liberalize trade wherever the opportunity exists.”

Global commodity prices have been falling since 2023, helping to tamp down overall inflation across the world. For example, surging energy prices added more than 2 percentage points to global inflation in 2022. In 2023 and 2024, however, declining energy prices helped lower inflation. That trend of falling energy prices is set to intensify this year, potentially mitigating some of the price effects of higher tariffs in major economies. Energy prices are expected to decrease by 17% this year to the lowest level in five years before dropping an additional 6% in 2026. Prices of Brent crude oil are expected to average just $64 a barrel in 2025—a decline of $17 from 2024—and just $60 in 2026. Coal prices are expected to drop by 27% this year and an additional 5% in 2026, as the growth of coal consumption for power generation in developing economies slows.

That outlook reflects expectations for weaker economic growth as well as a long-term slowdown in global oil demand. In 2025, the global oil supply is expected to exceed demand by 0.7 million barrels per day. The rapid adoption of electric vehicles has also curbed demand for oil: in China, the world’s largest automobile market, more than 40 percent of new cars purchased last year were either battery-powered or hybrid vehicles. That is close to three times the share in 2021.

Food prices are also expected to recede, falling by 7% in 2025 and an additional 1% in 2026. Even so, the United Nations estimates that acute food insecurity in some of the worst-hit areas globally will intensify this year, affecting 170 million people across 22 highly vulnerable economies. Falling food commodity prices should provide some support to humanitarian efforts, particularly amid shrinking humanitarian funding. But it will not address the underlying drivers of acute hunger, which are largely rooted in conflict.

“Commodity prices have whipsawed throughout the 2020s—plummeting with arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, then surging to record highs after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and then sinking again,” said Ayhan Kose, the World Bank Group’s Deputy Chief Economist and Director of the Prospects Group. “In an era of geopolitical tensions, surging demand for critical minerals, and more frequent natural disasters, that could become the new normal. Successfully navigating through repeated commodity prices swings will require developing economies to build fiscal space, strengthen their institutions, and improve investment climates to facilitate job creation."