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When macroeconomic balances deteriorate, the effects spread across the wheat value chain: input costs rise, financing burdens deepen, public regulation becomes more expensive, and milling margins come under pressure.

Türkiye’s flour exports fell to 2.36 million metric tons in 2025, but a sharp rise in shipments to Syria helped cushion the downturn after Iraq’s purchases contracted steeply, the head of IAOM Eurasia said.

Global flour exports remain steady in volume but volatile in value, reflecting both resilience and fragility. For low-income countries, flour is a cornerstone of food security, while in high-income markets it is increasingly tied to innovation and value-added products.

Egypt’s wheat flour exports are projected to rise by 20% in the 2025/26 marketing year, reaching 1.7 million metric tons (MMT), according to a recent report by the USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) in Cairo.